Cách Rút Gọn Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ Đơn Giản Và Hiệu Quả

Trong tiếng Anh, mệnh đề quan hệ là một phần quan trọng trong việc xây dựng câu thông qua việc cung cấp thêm thông tin về một danh từ hoặc người trong câu chính. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ giúp câu trở nên ngắn gọn và rõ ràng hơn, đồng thời giúp người đọc dễ dàng hiểu nội dung. Dưới đây là một số cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ đơn giản và hiệu quả:

1. Sử dụng cụm hiện tại phân từ V_ing (Present participle phrases)

Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta có thể sử dụng cụm hiện tại phân từ (V_ing) thay cho mệnh đề đó.

Ví dụ:

• The girl who is wearing glasses is my cousin.
  → The girl wearing glasses is my cousin. (Cô gái mang kính chính là em họ của tôi.)
• The girl who wore glasses is my cousin.
  → The girl wearing glasses is my cousin. (Cô gái mang kính chính là em họ của tôi.)

2. Sử dụng cụm quá khứ phân từ V3/ed (Past participle phrases)

Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive), ta có thể sử dụng cụm quá khứ phân từ (past participle phrase).

Ví dụ:

• The book which was published by AC magazine is the best-seller of this month.
  → The book published by AC magazine is the best-seller of this month.
  (Quyển sách được xuất bản bởi tạp chí AC chính là sản phẩm bán chạy nhất tháng này.)

3. Sử dụng cấu trúc “to infinitive”

Khi danh từ đứng trước có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa: the only, the first, the second,…, the last, so sánh nhất, ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc “to infinitive”.

Ví dụ:

• He was the last man who left the room
  → He was the last man to leave the room. (Anh ta là người cuối cùng rời phòng.)
• I had some exercises that I need to do.
  → I had some exercises to do. (Tôi có một số bài tập cần phải làm.)

4. Sử dụng cụm danh từ

Đối với mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta có thể rút gọn bằng cách sử dụng cụm danh từ.

Ví dụ:

• Taylor, who is a popular singer, has just split up with her boyfriend.
  → Taylor, a popular singer, has just split up with her boyfriend. (Taylor, một ca sĩ nổi tiếng, vừa mới chia tay bạn trai.)

5. Lược bỏ đại từ

Nếu đại từ quan hệ có vai trò tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ, ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ đó.

Ví dụ:

• It’s the best song that I have ever heard.
  → It’s the best song I have ever heard.

Bài tập

1. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases

• Do you know the woman who is coming towards us?
• I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.
• The children who attend that school receive a good education.
• The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.
• Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page.
• They live in the house that was built in 1890.

2. Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase

• I don’t like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden that he could play in.
• He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who leaves.
• The last person who leaves the room must turn off the lights.
• The first man who was interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
• I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.

3. Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses

• We had a river in which we could swim.
• Here are some accounts that you must check.
• The last student that was interviewed was Tom.
• We visited Hanoi, which is the capital of VN.
• My father, who is a pilot, often goes abroad.

4. Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses

• I was the only one who realized him.
• I have some homework which I must do tonight.
• Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way.
• I was awakened by the sound of a laughter which came from the room which was next to mine at the motel.
• There are six reports which have to be typed today.

5. Dùng cấu trúc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ viết lại các câu sau

• The man who is standing there is a clown.
• The envelop which lies on the table has no stamp on it.
• Benzene, which was discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.
• My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.
• The student don’t know how to do exercise which were given by the teacher yesterday.
• The diagrams which were made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812.
• The gentleman who lives next door to me is a well-known orator.
• All the astronauts who are orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.
• All students don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam.
• I saw many houses that were destroyed by the storm.

Cách làm bài tập

1. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases:

• Do you know the woman coming towards us?
• I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.
• The children attending that school receive a good education.
• The fence surrounding our house is made of wood.
• Be sure to follow the instructions given at the top of the page.
• They live in the house built in 1890.

2. Replace the underlined clauses by an infinitive or infinitive phrase:

• I don’t like him playing in the street. I wish we had a garden for him to play in.
• He simply loves parties. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
• The last person to leave the room must turn off the lights.
• The first man to be interviewed was entirely unsuitable.
• I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything to open it with.

3. Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses:

• We had a river to swim in.
• Here are some accounts to check.
• The last student interviewed was Tom.
• We visited Hanoi, the capital of VN.
• My father, a pilot, often goes abroad.

4. Use reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses:

• I was the only one to realize him.
• I have some homework to do tonight.
• Our solar system is in a galaxy called the Milky Way.
• I was awakened by the sound of a laughter coming from the room next to mine at the motel.
• There are six reports to be typed today.

5. Dùng cấu trúc rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ viết lại các câu sau:

• The man standing there is a clown.
• The envelop lying on the table has no stamp on it.
• Benzene, discovered by Faraday, became the starting point in the manufacture of many dyes, perfumes and explosives.
• My grandmother, old and sick, never goes out of the house.
• The students don’t know how to do exercises given by the teacher yesterday.
• The diagrams made by young Faraday were sent to Sir Humphry Davy at the end of 1812.
• The gentleman living next door to me is a well-known orator.
• All the astronauts orbiting the earth in space capsules are weightless.
• All students not handing in their papers will fail in the exam.
• I saw many houses destroyed by the storm.

Để thi thử tiếng Anh và các bài tập ngữ pháp miễn phí, bạn có thể truy cập englishfreetest.com.